How to account Income Tax Provision, TDS & Advance Tax
The actual taxation entries are most important things as they clears the Balance sheet picture and gives real result.
Before going to understand the taxation entries, we should clear the various heads relating to Income Tax.
[1] Provision for Income Tax :
This provision is created from profit. This is below the line entry. After adjusting necessary items from gross profit, ( e.g. depreciation booked in books of accounts and depreciation allowable as per income tax rules ) taxable income arrives. On that taxable profit we have to make provision for income tax at prevailing rate of income tax.
Profit & Loss A/C DR (provision for income tax)
To Provision for Income Tax A/C
This provision being a liability, showed at “ Capital & Liability” side of Balance Sheet in the bracket of “Other Liabilities”.
[2] Advance Income Tax :
As per Income Tax Act, we have to pay advance income tax and that is showed at “Property & Assets” side of Balance Sheet in the bracket of “Other Assets”.
Advance Income Tax paid A/C DR
To Bank A/C
In case of self assessment tax also this entry is passed but the narration will be for self assessment.
[3] TDS RECOVERABLE/RECEIVABLE:
Generally some tax is deducted at source from our income of interest or commission etc and we get net income. To simplify if interest received is Rs.9000/- and TDS deducted on that is Rs.1000/-, the total income would be Rs.10000/-
Bank A/C DR Rs 9000/-
TDS recoverable A/C DR Rs 1000/-
To Interest Received (Income) A/C Rs 10000/-
TDS recoverable also showed with advance income tax at “Property & Assets” side of Balance sheet.
Generally the sum of TDS & advance income tax remains more than provision of income tax.
But the tax calculated in Return should be equal to Provision of Tax, if it is not so the entries should be passed for difference :
If provision is less than Tax calculated in return, we have to make additional provision
Income tax Provision for Earlier years A/C DR
To Provision for Income Tax
To TDS recoverable A/C
If provision is greater than Tax calculated in return, we have to reverse the additional provision made :
Provision for Income Tax A/c Dr
To Excess Income tax Provision for Earlier years –written back A/C
Now, we should consider the various stages of Income Tax refund :
[1] If our return is accepted without any disallowance and without any demand :
Provision for Income Tax A/c Dr.
To Advance Income Tax Paid
To TDS recoverable
[2] If demand is raised and accepted for short taxes due to non allowance of expenses, non allowance of records, mistake in computation calculation, non allowance of depreciation, non reflection in 26AS of tds deducted etc.
In addition to entry shown in [1],
If tax paid by cheque ,
Income tax paid for earlier years Dr (profit & loss a/c)
To bank a/c
If adjusted from other refund for another A.Y.,
Income tax paid for earlier years Dr (profit & loss a/c)
To Advance Income Tax Paid
[3] If refund is received with interest, (interest on refund is taxable income)
Expected refund = Advance Income Tax Paid + TDS recoverable – Provision for Income Tax
If refund received is less than expected refund,
Bank A/c Dr (if received by cheque = tax refund + int. on refund)
Advance Income tax Paid A/c Dr (if adjusted with another year’s demand)
Provision for Income Tax Dr
Provision for Income Tax for Earlier years Dr (Profit & loss A/c-for additional provision))
To Advance Income Tax Paid
To TDS recoverable
To Interest on Income Tax refund a/c
If refund received is greater than expected refund,
Bank A/c Dr (if received by cheque = tax refund + int. on refund)
Advance Income tax Paid A/c Dr (if adjusted with another year’s demand)
Provision for Income Tax Dr
To Advance Income Tax Paid
To TDS recoverable
To Income Tax refund a/c (additional amt than expected-P/L a/c)
To Interest on Income Tax refund a/c (P/L a/c)
